Deoxycholic acid

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Deoxycholic acid

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Catalog Number	PR83443
CAS	83-44-3
Description	Deoxycholic acid is a a bile acid which emulsifies and solubilizes dietary fats in the intestine, and when injected subcutaneously, it disrupts cell membranes in adipocytes and destroys fat cells in that tissue. In April 2015, deoxycholic acid was approved by the FDA for the treatment submental fat to improve aesthetic appearance and reduce facial fullness or convexity.
Synonyms	Desoxycholic acid; deoxycholate; Cholerebic; Cholorebic
IUPAC Name	(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid
Molecular Weight	392.6
Molecular Formula	C24H40O4
InChI	KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N
InChI Key	InChI=1S/C24H40O4/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28)/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1
Associated Therapies	Submental fat removal therapy
Drug Categories	Bile Acids and Salts; BSEP/ABCB11 inducers; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholanes; Cholic Acids; Cytolytic Agent; Decreased Cell Membrane Integrity; Dermatologicals; Fused-Ring Compounds; Gastrointestinal Agents; Other Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents; Steroids
Drug Interactions	Abciximab-The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Deoxycholic acid. Acenocoumarol-The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Acenocoumarol is combined with Deoxycholic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid-The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetylsalicylic acid is combined with Deoxycholic acid. Alteplase-The risk or severity of bleeding and bruising can be increased when Alteplase is combined with Deoxycholic acid. Aluminium phosphate-Aluminium phosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Deoxycholic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Isomeric SMILES	C[C@H](CCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1([C@H](C[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)O)C
Type	Small Molecule

Pharmacology

Indications

Deoxycholic acid is approved for the aesthetic improvement of moderate to severe submental fullness, commonly known as a "double chin," in adult patients. Its use is specifically targeted at reducing the appearance of unwanted fat deposits in the submental region, thereby enhancing facial contour.

Absorption

Upon subcutaneous administration, deoxycholic acid is rapidly absorbed into the system. Following the administration of the maximum recommended single dose of 100 mg, plasma levels of the compound return to their natural endogenous state within 24 hours. The established treatment protocol indicates that no significant accumulation of the drug is expected with repeated use.

Metabolism

Deoxycholic acid is not metabolized to any significant extent under normal conditions.

Mechanism of Action

Deoxycholic acid, a bile acid, plays a crucial role in fat emulsification within the gastrointestinal tract. When synthetically produced and administered via injection, deoxycholic acid precisely targets and breaks down adipose cells by disrupting their membranes, initiating a process known as adipocytolysis. This action triggers an inflammatory response, ultimately leading to the clearance of adipose tissue debris by macrophages. The efficacy of deoxycholic acid is modulated by albumin and tissue-associated proteins, which confine its effects to protein-deficient subcutaneous fat tissues. Consequently, protein-rich tissues such as muscle and skin remain unaffected, thereby enhancing the compound's safety profile.

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