Indications
Levobunolol is primarily indicated for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and is suitable for patients diagnosed with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. It serves as an effective therapeutic option for managing elevated IOP, thereby helping to prevent potential optic nerve damage and loss of vision associated with these conditions.
Pharmacodynamics
As an ophthalmic beta-blocker, Levobunolol exhibits activity at both β(1)- and β(2)-receptor sites. It effectively reduces intraocular pressure in individuals with or without glaucoma, with the capability to lower mean IOP by approximately 25-40% from baseline in those with elevated levels. Due to its nature as a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, Levobunolol can also induce systemic effects following topical application, including potential adverse pulmonary effects, such as bronchoconstriction and increased airway resistance, as well as cardiovascular effects like decreased blood pressure and heart rate.
Absorption
Levobunolol demonstrates an absorption rate of 80% following administration.
Metabolism
Hepatic metabolism.
Mechanism of Action
Levobunolol is postulated to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) primarily through its influence on aqueous humor dynamics. Although the precise mechanism remains incompletely understood, it is thought that levobunolol exerts its effect by inhibiting the stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations by endogenous catecholamines within the ciliary processes. This action subsequently leads to a decrease in aqueous humor production, thereby contributing to reduced IOP.
